少年派的奇幻漂流

“星链”对俄乌冲突的影响到底有多大？_我的网站

十万个冷笑话2

一 | “每月损失500个终端”自从今年春天首次运抵乌克兰投入使用以来，SpaceX公司制造的“星链”系统终端一直是乌克兰军方的重要通信手段。美国有线电视新闻网（CNN）称，到目前为止，约有2万个“星链”终端已捐赠给乌克兰。 Europe’s leading hotelier Accor - a French international hospitality business with billions in revenue and more than 5,100 hotels - is now beginning “trials” to hire people with no experience in the hotel industry, the company’s chief executive Sebastien Bazin said, as it struggles to fill at least 35,000 vacancies.,“We tried in Lyon and Bordeaux 10 days ago and this weekend we're having people interviewed with no CV, no previous job experience and they are hired within 24 hours," Bazin said.,Since underpaid workers left the company, Accor is now filling those positions with those who are desperate for work such as students and/or expats.,Those who are practically hired on the spot by the multi-billion dollar company are trained in only six hours and are forced to learn on the job. The company will also limit their contact with customers as they struggle with staffing.,"It's students, people coming from North Africa," Bazin said, "and basically closing restaurants for lunch or [opening them] only five days a week. There's no other solution.",Some hoteliers will have to increase pay to find the help they need this tourist season. Spain’s tourism sector supported 13.5 percent of their workforce in 2018 - before the pandemic - and accounted for 11.8 percent of their gross domestic product in 2017. But Spain’s catering industry is at present short some 200,000 workers, and Portugal is fighting to increase staff at their hotels to keep pace with increasing demand.,"Many employees have decided to move to other sectors, so we are starting an industry from scratch and we have to fight for talent," said Gabriel Escarrer, chief executive of Spanish hotel group Melia which, along with other hospitality businesses, is reportedly offering higher wages than previously, health insurance, and free accommodation - though that last perk could be more a reflection of the shortage of housing near resorts.,However, hoteliers such as Hotel Mundial - located in Lisbon, Portugal - are facing the far from ideal decision of cutting services if they can’t find staff, and those who employ students will have to juggle rotas to accommodate their schedules.,“During the week we can't open because we have no hands - they are studying,” said Jose Carlos, who owns a bar in Madrid called Tabanco de Jerez.,Spain's hospitality industry is now paying 60 percent more than it did last year, on average, in an attempt to lure workers back to the force - however, those working in the tourism industry are still among the lowest-paid workers.,"Half of it is we've been blind, we've been not paying attention to a lot of people and probably underpaying some people for too long as well," said Bazin, who is worried his company won’t have enough staff when the summer rush, which is the height of the tourist season - arrives. "So it's a wake-up call.",One of the best documented reasons for people leaving their job during 'The Great Resignation' was because they were being paid too little. Another reason was the lack of professional advancement within the industry.,Other reasons people quit in 2021 included: feeling disrespected, lack of flexibility in scheduling, and a lack of benefits such as healthcare and paid holiday, according to a Pew Research Center survey. That same survey found that those who quit their job were able to find new places of employment that offered them better pay and more opportunities.。按照马斯克的说法，当前乌克兰有2.5万个“星链”终端在运行。美国“连线”网站称，在被问及乌军使用这些装置的比例时，乌克兰副总理费多罗夫表示，“大部分用于民用目的，其中包括重新连接医院、互联网服务供应商和一些拥有外国客户的科技公司。”但其他消息来源将“星链”终端视为乌军的强大工具。美国《防务新闻》16日称，“星链”对于乌军作战行动发挥了重要作用。例如它能协助前线的侦察无人机操作员瞄准俄罗斯关键装备。英国《伦敦时报》称，“星链”帮助乌军使用无人机瞄准并摧毁俄罗斯坦克。美国《华盛顿邮报》则形容说，“星链”改变了战争，“‘星链’在喀秋莎的炮火下工作”。当然，乌军拥有的“星链”终端也不断遭到损失。

二 | CNN称，SpaceX公司发送给五角大楼的文件显示，乌军司令瓦莱里·扎鲁日尼在7月向马斯克提出了一份此前未曾报道的直接请求，要求再增加近8000个“星链”终端。扎鲁日尼称赞“星链”的“特殊效用”，但承认“每月约有500个终端在战斗中被摧毁”，要求马斯克为乌克兰军事和情报部门补充6200个终端。

三 | 此外，西方媒体也普遍报道称，从9月底开始，乌克兰一线部队的“星链”终端大范围失效，有分析认为可能是俄罗斯的电子干扰所致。

四 | “星链”有多“烧钱”？SpaceX公司的“星链”系统由2200多颗低轨道卫星组成。马斯克不久前在社交媒体上公开宣称，“在乌克兰运营的‘星链’系统已花费了SpaceX公司8000万美元，到今年年底将超过1亿美元。除非五角大楼提供后续经费，否则该公司可能会停止为乌克兰服务。”从账面上计算，SpaceX公司向乌克兰提供的“星链”终端包括两笔费用：“星链”终端的自身费用和运营费。据称，发送到乌克兰的两种型号“星链”终端成本分别为1500美元和2500美元，但这个价格比“星链”网站上的商用型号要贵得多。

五 | 根据SpaceX公司给五角大楼发布的信件，之前给乌克兰的2万个终端中的绝大多数都从外部来源获得全部或部分资金。《华盛顿邮报》称，根据新获得的文件，这些捐助主要来自美国、英国和波兰，其中最大的单一终端贡献者是波兰，提供了近9000个终端。美国提供了近1700个终端。其他贡献者包括非政府组织和众筹方式。但与手机等电子产品相似，最昂贵的开销是持续的服务费用。

六 | CNN称，乌克兰大多数终端签订的是每月500美元的套餐，但SpaceX公司表示，实际向乌克兰方面提供的都是顶级的每月4500美元的套餐服务，而且该公司已经承担了乌克兰“星链”终端约70%的服务费。美军最终将买单？CNN称，按照计划，“星链”星座一共将要部署1.2万颗卫星，发射卫星、建设地面站、提供服务都将耗费大量资金，以目前的用户规模，“星链”系统还很难维持盈利。在这样的背景下，马斯克“在商言商”，要求不再向乌克兰提供免费的通信服务并不难理解，但他此前公开要求五角大楼为此买单的做法还是引起了广泛议论——为何他认定美军愿意为此掏钱？除了当前“星链”在俄乌冲突中发挥的重要作用，让乌克兰和背后提供支持的五角大楼难以割舍等因素外，美军自身也是“星链”最大的用户。

七 | 美国“太空新闻”网站13日称，美国军方对“星链”通信服务的需求持续上升。美国空军在最近的文件中表示，“星链”是唯一能够满足美国在欧洲和非洲部队需求的供应商。

八 | 例如总部设在英国的美国空军第48战斗机联队要求为英国拉肯希思空军基地提供“星链”通信服务，该基地是F-35隐形战斗机在欧洲的主要部署地点。此外，“星链”还被用于多国军事演习。美国中央司令部海军司令布拉德·库珀中将表示，美国和盟国部队最近在葡萄牙海岸举行的北约演习中，约120架无人飞行器、无人船只和水下航行器通过“星链”通信服务被整合到同一个网络中。库珀说，美国海军明年将在波斯湾和红海部署多达100艘无人水面舰艇进行海上监视。随着美军无人机、无人舰艇收集的数据越来越多，对通信的需求将越来越大，以便及时上传和分析信息。他表示，该地区的美国和盟军计划明年使用“星链”。